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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 23 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.

: The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (KLLY-2020–061). The umbilical cord tissue was collected in the operating theatres of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. The umbilical cord is classified as medical waste, and its collection is considered to be harmless to both mother and infant. Prior to the collection, the mother and the attending physician have provided verbal informed consent, and no written signature is required. All animal experiments were conducted in strict accordance with the "Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals" (China). the study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) of Zunyi Medical University (ethics approval number: KLLY(A)-2020–122). All procedures were designed to minimize the number of animals used and to ensure their welfare throughout the study. The animal production and use licenses were obtained as required by the regulations, and the experiments were performed under the supervision of the committee to ensure ethical standards were maintained.