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Authors
Najeebullah, Syed
Negin, Boaz
Naqvi, Rubab Zahra
Asad, Shaheen
Mukhtar, Zahid
Jander, Georg
Asif, Muhammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (HEC-NRPU Project No. 8087)
Higher Education Commision, Pakistan (HEC-NRPU Project No. 8087)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2022-67012-36739)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2021-67013-33565)
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Experiments involving S. frugiperda , B. tabaci , and M. persicae followed EU Directive 2010/63/EU guidelines for animal experiments and were conducted in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Helsinki Declaration).
