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Authors
Asghar, Muhammad Umer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-3179
Tariq, Muhammad
Zaidi, Arsalan Haseeb
Haneef, Kabeer
Asghar, Aisha
Ain, Noor Ul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6634-3311
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: All the authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The direct involvement of patients was not included because only medical data were used. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of the Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC) (approval no. 17–2019/DME/FIC/FSD). As this study involved retrospective medical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of the FIC.
