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Authors
Naveed, Ahad
Muhammad, Noor
Khanum, Afshan
Loya, Asif
Rashid, Muhammad Usman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-3122
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC) Lahore (Date: 30-04-2025/No. ONC-GBM-001-A1).
: Due to the retrospective design, the IRB granted the waiver of the written informed consent from the study participants.
: Not applicable.
