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Authors
Kanu, Gayathri Arumughan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-245X
Odeh, Raed Abu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-6956
Sekawi, Zamberi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5387-9640
Othman, Zulkefley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-0747
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from both the University of Putra Malaysia (Reference No. UPM/TNCPI/RMC/JKEUPM/1.4.18.2) and the University of Sharjah (Reference No. REC-23-03-15-01-PG). Reapproval was obtained for the use of COVID-19 samples under the previous approval (Reference No. REC-20-04-01-01).
