Boora, Deepika
Singh, Shweta
Kawlni, Lallianpuii
Muliya, Sanath Krishna
Hussain, Kafil
Uniyal, Virendra Prasad
Qureshi, Qamar
Kolipakam, Vishnupriya
Funding for this research was provided by:
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India (file no. 09/668(0013)/2019-EMR-1)
Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Govt. of India (order no. 8–98/2016–WL dated 30th January, 2018, order no. 8–98/2016–WL dated 30th January, 2018, order no. 8–98/2016–WL dated 30th January, 2018, order no. 8–98/2016–WL dated 30th January, 2018)
Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Sample collection of Rhesus macaques was undertaken at the study site as per permissions granted by the competent authority i.e. Uttarakhand Forest Department, Govt. of Uttarakhand vide letter no. 1541/5–6, dated 12th November 2021, in accordance with the Wildlife Protection Act (1972), Govt. of India. Competent authority and the concerned institutional committee of the Wildlife Institute of India permitted the study with all due diligence for animal ethics.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.