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Authors
Ramli, Redzyque Ramza
Muhammad, Siti Nur Hasyila
Azlan, Maryam
Nurul, Asma Abdullah
Nafi, Siti Norasikin Mohd
Fauzi, Agustine Nengsih https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-544X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS Graduate Research Assistance (GRA) Scheme)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/USM/02/26)
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Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/21100704).
: Consent.
: was obtained from all participants
