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Authors
Lin, Tsung-Yen
Chen, Hsing-Yi
Cheng, Yung-Hsuan
Lu, Chun-Wun
Ma, Hsiu-Yen
Hou, Hsiu-Chiung
Lin, Yung-Ming
Lin, Shih-Chieh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-5037
Cheng, Yu-Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3981-8657
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University Research Grant Program of National Cheng Kung University (NCKUH-10202007)
University Research Grant Program of National Cheng Kung University (NCKUH-10703026)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this study.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan (Approval No. A-ER-101-226).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment and the collection of testicular samples.
