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Authors
Mechoub, Donia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3576-3174
Dhaouadi, Sana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-2591
Meguenni, Nacima https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8847-9638
Fatnassi, Najwa
Akkou, Madjid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-9249
Marañón-Clemente, Irene
Torres, Carmen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-1690
Elandoulsi, Ramzi Boubaker https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-9569
Titouche, Yacine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-5357
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval of this study was granted by the internal ethics committee at the University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi Ouzou (UMMTO/09/01/2023/Eth-Ani-23), following the international guidelines for the care and use of animals in research. Written informed consent was obtained from all slaughterhouse owners and breeding center owners before sample collection, and every owner was provided with a document explaining the purpose and method of sample collection.
