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Authors
Wang, Hung-Hsiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-2675
Chen, Chih-Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-8221
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (111-2410-H-027-019-MY2)
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Article History
Received: 14 June 2023
Revised: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not sought for the present study because this research is on educational assessment, testing, teaching techniques, or effectiveness evaluation in general teaching environments.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
