Gao, Yuan
Hou, Feng
Jahnke, Huia
Funding for this research was provided by:
Massey University
Article History
Received: 7 March 2025
Revised: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
:
: We use public datasets and models that permit academic research. The preprocessing tools and model training toolkit are open-sourced without copyright conflicts.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: We declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.