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Article History

Received: 14 November 2023

Revised: 12 January 2026

Accepted: 3 February 2026

First Online: 15 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve new human participants or animals. The analysis was performed on a publicly available dataset.

: Not applicable. The dataset used (Chest X-Ray Pneumonia, Kaggle) was publicly available.

: Not applicable.