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Authors
Mason, Mary E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-4798
Carey, Dave W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-4379
Romero-Severson, Jeanne https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4112-7238
Knight, Kathleen S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-4318
Poland, Therese M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-1306
Koch, Jennifer L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4281-9669
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nature Conservancy
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
the nature conservancy
U.S. Forest Service Forest Health Protection
USFS Recovery Act
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: The research does not involve human subjects or require any animal welfare compliance.
: The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA or U.S. Government determination or policy.
