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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Change Date: 7 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original version of this article has been revised: Author Alfredo L. Lopez Kolkovsky’s family name has been correctly captured as ‘Lopez Kolkovsky’.

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: BME is on the advisory board and is a paid consultant for Alpheus Medical, Carthera, Chimerix, Ellipses Pharma, Erasca, Global Coalition for Adaptive Research (GCAR), Imaging Endpoints, Medicenna, Voiant, Medscape, Monteris, Neosoma, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nuvation Bio, Orbus Therapeutics, Sagimet Biosciences, Sapience Therapeutics, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Siemens, SonALAsense, Sumitomo Dianippon Pharma Oncology, Telix, the Sontag Foundation, the National Brain Tumor Society, and Third Rock Ventures.TFC is cofounder, major stock holder, consultant and board member of Katmai Pharmaceuticals, holds stock for Erasca, member of the board and paid consultant for the 501c3 Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, holds stock in Chimerix and receives milestone payments and possible future royalties, member of the scientific advisory board for Break Through Cancer, member of the scientific advisory board for Cure Brain Cancer Foundation, has provided paid consulting services to Blue Rock, Vida Ventures, Lista Therapeutics, Stemline, Novartis, Roche, Sonalasense, Sagimet, Clinical Care Options, Ideology Health, Servier, Jubilant, Immvira, Gan & Lee, BrainStorm, Katmai, Sapience, Inovio, Vigeo Therapeutics, DNATrix, Tyme, SDP, Kintara, Bayer, Merck, Boehinger Ingelheim, VBL, Amgen, Kiyatec, Odonate Therapeutics QED, Medefield, Pascal Biosciences, Bayer, Tocagen, Karyopharm, GW Pharma, Abbvie, VBI, Deciphera, VBL, Agios,, Genocea, Celgene, Puma, Lilly, BMS, Cortice, Novocure, Novogen, Boston Biomedical, Sunovion, Insys, Pfizer, Notable labs, Medqia, Trizel, Medscape and has contracts with UCLA for the Brain Tumor Program with Roche, VBI, Merck, Novartis, BMS, AstraZeneca, Servier. The Regents of the University of California (T.F.C. employer) has licensed intellectual property co-invented by TFC to Katmai Pharmaceuticals.TF and HM are employees of Siemens Healthineers AG, own stocks of Siemens (Healthineers) AG, and hold patents filed by Siemens (Healthineers) AG.BC is an employee of Siemens Medical Solutions, USA, and holds patents filed by Siemens (Healthineers).XZ was an employee of Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. when this study commenced. XZ is currently an employee of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles. He owns stocks of Siemens, and holds patents filed by Siemens and receives research funding from Siemens, which are not directly associated with this study.