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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 21 June 2025

Declarations

:

: BME is on the advisory board and is a paid consultant for Alpheus Medical, Carthera, Chimerix, Ellipses Pharma, Erasca, Global Coalition for Adaptive Research (GCAR), Imaging Endpoints, Medicenna, Voiant, Medscape, Monteris, Neosoma, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Nuvation Bio, Orbus Therapeutics, Sagimet Biosciences, Sapience Therapeutics, Servier Pharmaceuticals, Siemens, SonALAsense, Sumitomo Dianippon Pharma Oncology, Telix, the Sontag Foundation, the National Brain Tumor Society, and Third Rock Ventures. TFC is cofounder, major stock holder, consultant and board member of Katmai Pharmaceuticals, holds stock for Erasca, member of the board and paid consultant for the 501c3 Global Coalition for Adaptive Research, holds stock in Chimerix and receives milestone payments and possible future royalties, member of the scientific advisory board for Break Through Cancer, member of the scientific advisory board for Cure Brain Cancer Foundation, has provided paid consulting services to Blue Rock, Vida Ventures, Lista Therapeutics, Stemline, Novartis, Roche, Sonalasense, Sagimet, Clinical Care Options, Ideology Health, Servier, Jubilant, Immvira, Gan & Lee, BrainStorm, Katmai, Sapience, Inovio, Vigeo Therapeutics, DNATrix, Tyme, SDP, Kintara, Bayer, Merck, Boehinger Ingelheim, VBL, Amgen, Kiyatec, Odonate Thera- peutics QED, Medefield, Pascal Biosciences, Bayer, Tocagen, Karyo- pharm, GW Pharma, Abbvie, VBI, Deciphera, VBL, Agios, Genocea, Celgene, Puma, Lilly, BMS, Cortice, Novocure, Novogen, Boston Biomedical, Sunovion, Insys, Pfizer, Notable labs, Medqia, Trizel, Medscape and has contracts with UCLA for the Brain Tumor Program with Roche, VBI, Merck, Novartis, BMS, AstraZeneca, Servier. The Regents of the University of California (T.F.C. employer) has licensed intellectual property co-invented by TFC to Katmai Pharmaceuticals. PSL Holds US Patent 12171542 that protects portions of the intellectual property of the radio-pathomic mapping methods used in this study.

: The collection and analysis of clinical and imaging data for this research was approved by the institutional review board under the identification number IRB#14-001261.

: All patients gave written informed consent for their datasets and clinical information to be included in a database used for research.