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Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Accepted: 7 June 2025

First Online: 16 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The Duke University Health System IRB Research Ethics Committee validated that no approval for the study of human subjects was required.

: This study was IRB approved, and no consent was required.

: No individual data was published in this study.

: Z.J.R. reported holding a patent for brain tumor diagnostic tests with royalties paid for Genetron Health and managed by Duke University and receiving honoraria for lectures from Eisai Pharmaceuticals and Oakstone Publishing outside the submitted work. E.J.V. reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) (5R38-CA245204 and 1K38CA292995-01), Duke University Office of Physician Scientist Development, American Cancer Society, and Duke Cancer Institute P30 Cancer Center Support Grant (NIH/NCI CA014236) during the conduct of the study. E.J.V reported receiving consulting fees from Elsevier Pharmaceuticals LLC and Glasshouse Health. T.M. reported receiving personal fees from Telix Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. J.P.K. reported being an owner of ClearSight RT and receiving grants from LadeRx outside the submitted work. S.R.F. reported receiving grants from NIH/NCI during the conduct of the study and serving on the board of directors as well as owning stock in Round Table Research outside the submitted work. P.E.F. reported serving as a consultant for Monteris Medical. A.K.S reported serving as a consultant for Bristol Myers Squibb, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Regeneron, Novartis, and Pfizer. A.K.S received funding paid to the institution from Ascentage Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, IDEAYA Biosciences, Immunocore Holdings plc, Merck & Co, Olatec Therapeutics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Replimune Group, and Seagen outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.