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Authors
Gagliardi, Filippo
Roncelli, Francesca
Snider, Silvia
De Domenico, Pierfrancesco
Barzaghi, Lina Raffaella
Bulotta, Alessandra
Ogliari, Francesca Rita
Bandiera, Alessandro
Zuber, Veronica
Pompeo, Edoardo
Klungtvedt, Vanessa
Dall’Acqua, Stefano
Comai, Stefano
Mortini, Pietro
Ruban, Angela
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Association of Neurosurgical Societies
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 28 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (protocol number: NCH 04-2020). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This study does not include individual patient data in any form (text, images, or videos).
: Neither the paper nor any part of its essential substance has been published or submitted for publication in other medical journals.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
