Chandan Reddy, Sai
Maroufi, S. Farzad
Feghali, James
Ahmed, A. Karim
Canales, Melissa
Bhandarkar, Shaan
Kramer, Patrick
Segal, Sarah
Galaiya, Deepa
Ward, Bryan
Chien, Wade
Della Santina, Charles
Sun, Daniel Q.
Francis, Howard
Stewart, C. Matthew
Creighton, Francis
Carey, John
Lim, Michael
Xu, Risheng
Caplan, Justin M.
Bettegowda, Chetan
Weingart, Jon
Brem, Henry
Tamargo, Rafael J.
Jackson, Christopher M.
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB00179401).
: The requirement for patient informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. The research involved analysis of de-identified data, and obtaining individual consent was not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.