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Authors
Guzzino, Jacob
Crompton, David J.
Agarwal, Shubhi
Kern, Shelby
Bogan, Aaron
Vora, Sujay A.
Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo
Burns, Terry C.
Sherman, Wendy J.
Brown, Paul D.
Laack, Nadia
Peterson, Jennifer
Uhm, Joon H.
Ruff, Michael W.
Sener, Ugur T.
Breen, William G.
Trifiletti, Daniel M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-2916
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Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This was a retrospective observational study. The study was reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board prior to its initiation.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Dr. Trifiletti reports clinical trial research support from Novocure, Blue Earth Diagnostics Ltd., publishing fees from Springer Inc., consulting fees from Boston Scientific Corporation, Sevier Pharmaceuticals, and AFX Medical outside of submitted work, and is an editorial board member for the Journal of Neuro-oncology.Dr. Breen reports clinical trial research support from Wayshine Biopharma, and consulting/scientific advisory funds paid to the institution from GE Healthcare and Miltenyi Biotec. Dr. Brown reports contributing to UpToDate, outside subject matter, receiving honorarium.Dr. Burns reports clinical trial research support from Predicine Inc, Aminex Therapeutics, Insightec, Abbvie Inc, Natus Medical Inc and SonALAsense as well as consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Servier pharmaceuticals. None of these are relevant to the current manuscript. None of the other authors have relevant conflicts of interest.
