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Authors
Mirian, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-0123
Jensen, Lasse Rehné https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6931-4399
Hoffmann, Adam Gorm https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0058-3804
Juratli, Tareq A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-6719
Maier, Andrea Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-0636
Lindner, Pernilla
Broechner, Anders https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-6726
Torp, Sverre H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-6852
Shih, Helen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-9726
Morshed, Ramin A.
Young, Jacob S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-4325
Magill, Stephen T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7835
Stummer, Walter
Spille, Dorothee Cäcilia
Brokinkel, Benjamin
Proescholdt, Martin
Kuroi, Yasuhiro
Gousias, Konstantinos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-3742
Simon, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-3072
Prat-Acin, Ricardo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-8879
Goutagny, Stéphane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-9945
Wach, Johannes
Güresir, Erdem
Yamamoto, Junkoh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-8997
Kim, Young Zoon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-0780
Lee, Joo Ho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-3214
Kim, Daniel W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-3466
Koshy, Matthew
Cannon, Donald M.
Shrieve, Dennis C.
Suh, Chang-Ok https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-7072
Chang, Jong Hee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-9800
Kamenova, Maria
Straumann, Sven https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-9812
Soleman, Jehuda
Eyüpoglu, Ilker Y.
Catalan, Tony https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8821-3880
Lui, Austin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1347-8815
Theodosopoulos, Philip V.
McDermott, Michael W.
Góes, Pedro
Wang, Fang
Souhami, Luis
Guiot, Marie-Christine
Csonka, Tamás
Endo, Toshiki
Gupta, Tejpal
Patel, Akash J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-2989
Klisch, Tiemo J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-384X
Kim, Jun Won
Maiuri, Francesco
Barresi, Valeria
Tabernero, María Dolores https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9806
Skyrman, Simon
Krause, Mechthild https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-9556
Law, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9644-7496
Kristensen, Bjarne Winther https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-0826
Munch, Tina Nørgaard https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5938-000X
Meling, Torstein https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-0873
Fugleholm, Kåre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1520-7122
Blanche, Paul
Mathiesen, Tiit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-1919
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Hospital
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: As the manuscript relies entirely on published and fully anonymized material, ethical approval was not required.
: Unrelated to this work, Christian Mirian has transitioned to MSD as Medical Advisor in Oncology. The vast majority of this study was completed prior to his transition, with only the peer-review revisions finalized afterward. Helen A. Shih has served as a consultant and advisory board member for Servier Pharmaceuticals; has editorial and writing roles with UpToDate and Cancer ; has received institutional research support from AbbVie (ended May 2025); and has unpaid roles as a board member of the Society for Neuro-Oncology, the Radiosurgery Society, and the National Association for Proton Therapy, as well as an unpaid advisory committee member for Ion Beam Applications. In the past 5 years, M. Krause has received funding for her research projects by Merck KGaA (2018–2020 for clinical study). She was involved in a publicly funded (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) project with Medipan (2019–2022), Attomol GmbH (2019–2022), GA Generic Assays GmbH (2019–2022), Gesellschaft für medizinische und wissenschaftliche genetische Analysen (2019–2022), Lipotype GmbH (2019–2022), and PolyAn GmbH (2019–2022). M. Krause confirms that to the best of her knowledge, none of the abovementioned funding sources were involved in preparation of this paper. Unrelated to this work, Tareq A. Juratli has consulted for CSL Behring and Stryker, and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for IPSEN.
