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Authors
Grutza, Martin
Mitschang, Dorothea
Sydorenko, Viktoriya
Dugas, Martin
Krieg, Sandro M.
Lenga, Pavlina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 29 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study received approval from the ethics committee of our institution (Approval No. S-788/2021).
: The study protocol was reviewed by the ethics committee of Heidelberg University and approved with a waiver of informed consent (Approval No. S-788/2021). The waiver was granted because QP is part of routine institutional clinical care and only de-identified data were analyzed. All procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional regulations.
: No individual person’s data were included in this study (not applicable).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
