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Authors
Robinson, Stephen David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-4636
Kingdon, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-9632
Williams, Sophie Therese https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-0295
Hill, Ciaran Scott https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-4034
Williams, Matthew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-0718
Chandy, Edward https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-8692
Critchley, Giles https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2628-8176
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: This is an observational study. The University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust Research Department has confirmed that no United Kingdom ethical approval is required for this study. Approval to run this multi-centre retrospective study was provided by the University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust Clinical Outcomes and Effectiveness Committee (assignment number 1862), whilst local approval to be involved in this study was gained from each centre prior to their inclusion in this study. For New Zealand, ethical approval was gained from the Health and Disabilities Ethics Committee (Ref: 2024EXP21165) and the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (Health) (Ref: HD 24/002).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
