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Authors
Nåhls, Nelli-Sofia https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0973-9161
Anttonen, Anu
Kitti, Pauliina
Leskelä, Riikka-Leena
Akrén, Outi
Saarto, Tiina
Carpén, Timo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted as a retrospective, registry‑based analysis using data from deceased patients treated between 2017 and 2018. No human interventions were involved, and all data were anonymized prior to analysis. According to Finnish legislation, no ethical approval is needed in retrospective registry studies (Act on the Secondary Use of Social and Health Information 522/2019). Authorities of Helsinki University Hospital have approved the study protocol (HUS/325/2023) and waived the need for ethical approval and for informed consents based on the legislation of retrospective register-based studies (522/2019). We confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
