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Authors
Chandan Reddy, Sai
Feghali, James
Ahmed, A. Karim
Maroufi, S. Farzad
Khalifeh, Jawad M.
Carmichael, Austin
Yazigi, Eli
Canales, Melissa
Bhandarkar, Shaan
Kramer, Patrick
Galaiya, Deepa
Ward, Bryan K.
Chien, Wade
Della Santina, Charles
Sun, Daniel Q.
Francis, Howard
Stewart, C. Matthew
Creighton, Francis
Carey, John
Lim, Michael
Xu, Risheng
Caplan, Justin M.
Bettegowda, Chetan
Weingart, Jon
Brem, Henry
Tamargo, Rafael J.
Jackson, Christopher M.
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Article History
Received: 16 November 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB00179401).
: The requirement for patient informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. The research involved analysis of de-identified data, and obtaining individual consent was not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
