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Article History

Received: 30 November 2025

Accepted: 10 January 2026

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study analyzed fully de-identified, publicly available transcriptomic datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). No direct human participant interaction or identifiable private information was involved. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required, in accordance with national and institutional guidelines for research using publicly available, de-identified data and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As this research did not involve human subjects as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations (45 CFR 46), review by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.