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Article History

Received: 3 December 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University (STU00202283, granted on 1/15/2016).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Financial Interests: K.D. has received speaker honoraria from Servier and consultant/advisory honoraria from ONO, SERB, Boston Scientific and Telix. P.K. has received consultant/advisory honoraria from Novocure, Servier, Roche, Roche, Telix Pharmaceuticals, PlusTherapeutics, Belay Diagnostics, FYR Diagnostics, Autem Therapeutics, Imvax, and GSK. She is on data safety monitoring community for BPGBio and In8bio. She has received speaker honoraria from Servier. She is associated with Contract Research for Genentech, Novocure, Orbus Therapeutics, Servier.R.V.L. has received speaker and consultant/advisory honoraria from Novocure, Merk, Servier, GT Technologies, and Telix. He has received and editing honoraria from EBSCO, Elsevier, and Medlink Neurology. P.J. serves as consultant for Novocure. J.J.R. is an employee of and holds stock in Takeda. A.W., M.C.T., J.P.C., I.H., H.Z. O.B. declare they have no financial interests.