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Article History

Received: 8 January 2026

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This is an analysis of previously published, publicly available, de-identified aggregate data, and is exempt from IRB review. The study did not involve human subjects research requiring ethics approval or informed consent procedures.

: P.Y.W. has received research support Astra Zeneca, Black Diamond, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Chimerix, Eli Lily, Erasca, Global Coalition For Adaptive Research, MediciNova, Merck, Nerviano, Novartis, Philogen, Quadriga, Servier, and advisory board/consulting payments from Alexion/Astra Zeneca, Black Diamond, Chimerix, Day One Bio, Fore Biotherapeutics, Genenta, Glaxo Smith Kline, Imvax, Merck, Nerviano, Nuvation Bio, Medical Sciences, Novartis, Novocure, Nuvation Bio, Rigel, Sapience, Servier, Telix. D.A.R. has received research support from Agenus, Inc., Ashvattha Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Corbus Pharma, EMD Serono, Enterome, InvIOs, Medicenna Therapeutics, Mogling Bio, Neotx Ltd., Numiera Therapeutics, Sapience Therapeutics, SphereBio, Vaccinex, and advisory board/consulting payments from AnHeart Pharmaceuticals, BlueRock Thereapeutics PP, CeCaVaGmbH & Co KG., Neuvogen, Putnam Inizii Associates LLc, Chimeric Therapeutics, Miltenyi, Servier, Genenta, Enterome, Kintara, Kiyatec, Novocure, Sumitono Dainippon Pharma, Vivacitas Oncology, Inc. S.T. has received research support from Eisai, and advisory board/consulting payments from Blackrock Neurotech. The rest of the authors declare no conflicts of interest.