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Authors
Ross, D.
Vuppala, N.
LeCompte, M. C.
Khan, M.
Bydon, A.
Kebaish, K.
Theodore, N.
Wu, B.
Kleinberg, L. R.
Lee, S. Hun.
Lubelski, D.
Redmond, K. J.
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2026
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was retrospective in nature with no potential harm to those involved. Research took place under an approved IRB from Johns Hopkins University and did not require specific ethical approval.
: KJR: research funding from Accuray, Canon, Icotec, GammaTile and Teleflex; honorarium for speaking engagement from Accuray and Icotec; travel support from Brainlab and Icotec; patent under development with Canon; Data Safety Monitoring Board for BioMimetix. DL: Consulting for Globus, Johnson and Johnson, Hemoblast, and research support from Icotec, AO foundation, Premier Inc. All other authors of no relevant funding or non-funding competing interests to disclose.
