Shi, Xinyao
Zhang, Xijia
Li, Keying
Zang, Yuying
Feng, Limei
Bai, Jiwei
Chen, Xuzhu
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272939)
the Collaborative Innovative Major Special Project supported by the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z191100006619088)
Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, which waived the requirement for study-specific informed consent. All patients had provided general informed consent for the use of their clinical data for research purposes at admission.
: The authors affirm that the brain scan images presented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have been entirely de-identified. As no potentially identifying information is present, specific informed consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.