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Authors
Ma, Yuanyuan
Zhou, Rong
Ma, Yingping
Mou, Chenghua
He, Bingyang
Sun, Dengjuan
Wu, Xing
Dai, Yaxin
Ma, Peifen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lanzhou University Second Hospital (CY2022-HL-A04)
Gansu Provincial Health Industry Science and Technology Program (GSWSQN 2024-12)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing at Lanzhou University (Approval Number: LZUHLXY20230110). All participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent before enrollment.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
