Scharfenberg, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-3143
Ophey, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-7762
Lessmann, Amelie
Folkerts, Ann-Kristin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-140X
Kromke, Konstanze
Stahl, Jutta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-180X
Kalbe, Elke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-2545
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Köln
Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: DS, AO, AL, KK, JS have no competing interests to declare. AKF has received grants from the German Parkinson Society, German Alzheimer’s Society, German Parkinson Foundation, STADAPHARM GmbH, and General Joint Committee Germany; royalities or licences from and Springer-Verlag GmbH (Berlin, Germany); honoraria from Hochschule Fresenius (Düsseldorf, Germany), ProLog Wissen GmbH (Cologne, Germany), LOGOMANIA, Fendt & Sax GGbR (Munich, Germany), STADAPHARM GmbH (Bad Vilbel, Germany), and Netzwerk Demenz Steiermark (Graz, Austria). AFK is author of the cognitive training program NEUROvitalis but receives no corresponding honoraria. EK received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Joint Federal 53 Committee, and The German Parkinson Foundation, all outside the submitted work, and received honoraria from the companies EISAI GmbH, Germany, memodio GmbH, Germany, Desitin GmbH, Germany, and Prolog GmbH, Germany, all outside the submitted work.