Caldera, H. Jithamala http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-7846
Wirasinghe, S. C. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-1290
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGS D3 - 519664 - 2018)
Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures
Alberta Motor Association
University of Calgary
Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary
Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Incorporated
Canadian Risk Hazard Network
Article History
Received: 15 March 2021
Accepted: 27 October 2021
First Online: 30 November 2021
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: The data that support the findings of this research are as follows: All types of natural disaster data from EM-DAT, the international disasters database of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium. ExternalRef removed. Tornado data from the Storm Events Database, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental information. ExternalRef removed. Volcanic eruptions data from the National Geophysical Data Center /World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. ExternalRef removed.