Caldera, H. Jithamala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8896-7846
Wirasinghe, S. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-1290
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PGS D3 - 519664 - 2018)
Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures
Alberta Motor Association
University of Calgary
Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary
Catastrophe Indices and Quantification Incorporated
Canadian Risk Hazard Network
Article History
Received: 15 March 2021
Accepted: 27 October 2021
First Online: 30 November 2021
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: The data that support the findings of this research are as follows: All types of natural disaster data from EM-DAT, the international disasters database of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), Brussels, Belgium. . Tornado data from the Storm Events Database, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental information. . Volcanic eruptions data from the National Geophysical Data Center /World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. .