Rodgers, Janise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-6492
Campbell, Nnenia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-2121
Sarpy, Sue Ann https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-446X
Stenner, Heidi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2016-704X
Ayala, Yajaira https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-5068
Jomo, Julie
Ojha, Upama
Espinal, Delka
Chakos, Arrietta
Kumar, Hari
Ortiz Navas, Mery Paulina
Tlau, Lalrinpuii
Lotay, Yeshey
Cedillos, Veronica
Joshi, Dinesh
Mentor‐William, Garmalia
Dévilmé, Gefthé
Funding for this research was provided by:
USAID (720FDA20CA00032)
USGS (G21AP10023-00)
Article History
Received: 21 November 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 23 February 2026
Change Date: 11 February 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of the article was revised due to update the supplementary information
Declarations
:
: Dr. Nnenia Campbell’s role in this study was conducted as an independent consultant to GeoHazards International with compensation for these services. This arrangement was reviewed and approved by the University of Colorado Boulder in accordance with its policy on conflict of interest. GeoHazards International has developed scenarios in research sites Nepal and Ecuador, though no current research team members were involved in the Ecuador scenario efforts, and were only involved in one set of scenarios in Nepal over 5 years ago. These team members did not code or analyze interview transcripts.
: Interview research was approved on 6/25/2021 by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Colorado, Boulder under Protocol #21-0223.