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Authors
Spaumer, Dr. Andrew
Mavhandu-Mudzusi, Prof. Azwihangwisi Helen
Mbedzi, Prof. Rembuluwani Paul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
South African Medical Research Council Self-Initiated Research Grants (RC 835000, RC 835000, RC 835000)
University of South Africa
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Article History
Accepted: 28 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Department of Research and Ethics Committee of the University of South Africa analyzed and approved the study proposal under the reference number 37360450_CREC_CHS_2022, thereby providing ethical clearance. The researchers ensured adherence to the following ethical principles: obtaining informed written consent from participants, ensuring their voluntary participation, safeguarding their anonymity, privacy, and confidentiality, and maintaining scientific integrity. The study had the potential to cause emotional distress among participants by eliciting past sensitive experiences during interviews. This was prevented by employing specific therapeutic strategies, including empathic listening. Following the interview, participants who required support were referred to a counsellor.
: This article’s claims and opinions are solely those of its writers and do not present the views or policies of any organization with which they are associated.
