Cai, Xinyu
Chong, Damien
Ong, Hui Xin
Inthavong, Kiao
Lee, Ann
Dong, Jingliang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-6188
Kourmatzis, Agisilaos
Cheng, Shaokoon
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Research Council (DE210101549)
Australian Research Council (DP190101237)
Victoria University
Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The whole-airway models used in this study were reproduced from published data (19). As a result, no human participants were directly recruited for this study. The published airway geometry data were professionally handled throughout the project, ensuring that no privacy-sensitive information was included, in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.