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Authors
Yang, Yilei
Yan, Haiying
Wang, Xiangyue
Lao, Jiahui
Zhang, Ruiqiu
Chen, Zhaoyang
Ma, Shiyu
Li, Yan
Li, Xiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1440300)
"Jiaotong University Star" Program for Medical-Engineering Cross-Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2022QN015)
Research Project of Disease Treatment and Rational Use of Drugs of the Shandong Pharmaceutical Association (DRM2022007)
Shandong Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Rational Drug Use Young and Middle-aged Scientific Research Program (HLYY-2024-01)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 13 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declaration
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and was approved by the institution’s Ethics Committee (Approval No. YXLL-KY-2022-024). Given the retrospective design and the use of anonymized, pre-existing clinical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.
