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Authors
Luo, Linhong
Zhang, Lin
Wen, Yiyong
Sun, Jin
Luo, Xin
Chen, Zhengfeng
Zhao, Chunzhang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-0209
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271688)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570477)
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan (2025ZNSFSC0264)
Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project (SKLGP2023Z016)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 21 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that there are no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
: AI-assisted tools (specifically DeepSeek-R1 and Doubao AI) were used to enhance text readability and grammatical accuracy. The authors critically reviewed and revised all AI-generated content. The authors assume full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the work.
