Hammad, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0552-4018
Omar, Khatijah
Abdul Halim, Muhammad Abi Sofian Bin
Abid, Muqaddas
Javed, Asad
Zafar, Muhammad Junaid
Article History
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 15 July 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for data collection was obtained from the concerned authorities prior to the data collection.
: While preparing this work, the authors used ChatGPT to improve the language and sentence structure of the research article. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the publication's content.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors would like to declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding this paper's research, authorship, or publication. The work presented here results from an unbiased and objective investigation, and the authors have no financial, personal, or professional affiliations that could be perceived as exerting influence over the outcomes or conclusions. This disclosure ensures that the research is conducted and presented with the utmost objectivity and impartiality.