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Authors
Wardhani, Rulyanti Susi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-6097
Altin, Darus https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-6835
Suhdi, Suhdi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-1689
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (7.11/UN50/SP/VI/2024)
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. In accordance with national research ethics guidelines, this study did not require formal ethical clearance, as it involved interviews and focus group discussions with public officials in their professional capacity. All participants were fully informed about the study objectives and gave their voluntary consent to participate.
: Not applicable. This study did not involve human subjects in clinical or personal contexts but engaged village officials in their professional and institutional capacities.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
