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Article History

Accepted: 26 April 2021

First Online: 16 May 2021

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: The data collection is in accordance with legislation and approved by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority. The research is conducted in line with ethical guidelines set by The National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: The Personal Data Act in Norway makes exceptions from informed consent with regard to the use of existing register data because it is not feasible to obtain consent from all persons whom the registers cover. The data collection is in accordance with legislation and approved by the Norwegian Data Protection Authority.

: As a program developer of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP), Dan Olweus receives author royalties for various publications about the program. Kyrre Breivik and Mona Elin Solberg were members of Dan Olweus’ research group at the University of Bergen, and are currently involved in research on and further development of the Olweus Program at the Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare. This center has a non-profit policy, and the OBPP is offered free to Norwegian schools. The anti-bullying work is financially supported by national authorities (the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training and the Norwegian Directorate of Health). All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.