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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stuart Foundation
University of California Berkeley
William T. Grant Foundation
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Article History
Accepted: 12 May 2023
First Online: 31 May 2023
Declarations
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: All research protocols were approved by the Committee for Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California, Berkeley. The authors certify that this study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Data were collected in the conduct of routine educational practice. Only de-identified data were shared for research purposes.
: Valerie B. Shapiro has been a paid research consultant for Aperture Education, the current publisher of a tool used to measure outcomes in this manuscript. No author of this paper receives any direct financial remuneration from the sale of any of the assessments or resources mentioned within this manuscript.
