Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD036916, R01HD039135, R01HD040421)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA054262)
Article History
Accepted: 28 December 2023
First Online: 29 January 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained from the publicly available Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We consulted with the IRB of University of Alabama at Birmingham who determined that our study did not need ethical approval.
: Participants gave informed consent to participate in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing study which is a publicly available data set. Therefore, the data used in this research publication are publicly available. The data can be obtained by visiting .
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.