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Authors
Battista, Katelyn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-237X
Smout, Scarlett
Patte, Karen A.
Gardner, Lauren A.
Newton, Nicola C.
Osman, Bridie
Chapman, Cath
Leatherdale, Scott T.
Champion, Katrina E.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1120641, APP1166377)
Paul Ramsay Foundation (APP1166377)
Centre of Research Excellence in the Prevention and Early Intervention in Mental Illness and Substance Use (APP11349009)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Health4Life study received ethics approval from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2018/882), New South Wales (NSW) Department of Education (SERAP No. 2019006), the University of Queensland (2019000037), Curtin University (HRE2019-0083) and participating Catholic school committees, in line with the principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: This study uses secondary data from the Health4Life study (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12619000431123; 18/03/2019).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and parents/guardians of children as per published Health4Life study protocols.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
