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Article History

Accepted: 26 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

: The study was supported by the Major Project of the Ministry of Education under the China Education Planning Program (Project Approval No. DHA220502). The sponsors had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, report writing, or the decision to submit the article for publication.

: The study design was approved by the AcademicEthi- cal Review Committee of Faculty of Psychology in Zhejiang Normal University. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants received informed consent to participate in the study.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Informed consent was given in writing.

: Informed consent was obtained from participants or their legally authorized representatives.

: All data and materials as well as software application comply with field standards.

: The authors declared to value all individuals regardless of age, national origin, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, ability status, among other identities.