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Authors
Al-Mamun, Firoj https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-9624
Arif, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6182-7810
Das, Pronab https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2407-2518
Hasan, Md Emran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-1090
ALmerab, Moneerah Mohammad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-0309
Mamun, Mohammed A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-8966
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 29 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full alignment with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, with its latest amendments in 2024), ensuring rigorous protection for human subjects involved in research. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of CHINTA Research Bangladesh [Ref: CHINTA/2024/04–05] before the commencement of data collection. Prior to enrollment, all eligible participants received comprehensive verbal and written explanations about the study’s purpose, methodology, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality safeguards, and the voluntary nature of participation. Written informed consent was secured from every participant before data collection began. Participants were also informed of their right to discontinue their involvement at any point without any adverse consequences. To maintain confidentiality, all data were anonymized and stored in secure databases accessible only to authorized research personnel. Additionally, formal permission was obtained from the administrative bodies of all participating hospitals and institutions before recruitment activities were initiated.
: Consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: The authors do not have any conflict of interest.
