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Authors
Au Yong, Hui-Nee
Kalhoro, Maryam
Morrison, Caroline
Hanna, David
Rehman, Hafiz Mudassir
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
University of Ulster International Science Partnerships Fund (WT673588 CC 65842R, WT673588 CC 65842R, WT673588 CC 65842R)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study received combined ethical approval from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Committee on Research Ethics and was conducted in compliance with Ulster University’s privacy policy and ethical guidelines. All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose and procedures, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards.
