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Article History

Accepted: 18 June 2019

First Online: 29 June 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Please note that an ethical statement for the DEAS study was not necessary as criteria for requiring an ethical statement were not met (risk for the respondents, lack of information about the aims of the study, examination of patients). The German Centre of Gerontology (DZA) decided that an ethical statement was not necessary. The DEAS study has a permanent advisory board. Prior to each wave of data collection, the permanent advisory board received detailed information about the sampling method, the consent to participate and the instruments used in the DEAS study. The permanent advisory board concluded that the DEAS study did not need approval from an ethics committee.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.