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Authors
Cheng, Ling Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-578X
Bansback, Nick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-3462
Liu, Gabriel Ka Po
Wang, Wenru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-8215
Wu, Vivien Xi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-3630
Luo, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-6979
Hey, Hwee Weng Dennis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-9835
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Domain Specific Review Board, National Healthcare Group, Singapore (Date 21 January 2021/DSRB 2020/01075).
: Ling Jie Cheng serves as an Associate Editor of Quality of Life Research. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial or non-financial interests in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: This work was primarily conducted at the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, as part of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree. The first author is currently hosted at the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, funded by the NUS-Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship. The manuscript revisions and submission were completed during this fellowship.
