Updates are available Correction dated 2026-05-14

Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Change Date: 17 April 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In table 2 of this article, the value 0.418 listed under the header LS coefficient should be 0.411.

Change Date: 14 May 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-026-04258-0

Declarations

:

: Christian Moltu is a developer of the Norse Feedback self-report instrument used in this study. He holds ownership in Norse Feedback AS, a health technology company that disseminates this and related instruments. As a publicly funded researcher, his research activities are governed by a conflict-of-interest management plan, monitored by Førde Hospital Trust to ensure transparency and integrity. Andrew Athan McAleavey has received consultation fees from Norse Feedback AS.

: All procedures involving human participants followed the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee, and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, or comparable ethical standards. The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK sør-øst B) determined that the project falls outside the scope of the Norwegian Health Research Act (Helseforskningsloven) [Reference:456216], and was thus exempt from review by REK. The study was subsequently approved by the data security and data protection officer (PVO) at Førde Hospital Trust on October 30, 2022, and informed consent was electronically obtained from all participants [PVO Reference: eProtokoll ID3197].

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.