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Authors
Trevisan, Caterina
Ravelli, Adele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6836
Rivera-Caravaca, José Miguel
Zanforlini, Bruno Micael
Sergi, Giuseppe
Dan, Gheorghe-Andrei
Dan, Anca Rodica
Roldán, Vanessa
Marín Ortuño, Francisco
Johnsen, Søren Paaske
Petrovic, Mirko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7506-8646
Vetrano, Davide Liborio
Leo, Donato Giuseppe
Lane, Deirdre A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9378
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Proietti, Riccardo
Cordsen, Pia
Lip, Gregory
Lane, Deirdre
O’Flaherty, Martin
Gamble, Carrol
Buchan, Iain
Kypridemos, Christodoulos
Collins, Brendan
Leo, Donato
De Smedt, Delphine
De Buyser, Stefanie
Amrouch, Cheima
Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia
Dai, Lu
Maggi, Stefania
Noale, Marianna
Badila, Elisabeta
Ferri, Nicola
Buja, Alessandra
Rebba, Vincenzo Stefano
Potpara, Tatjana
Vivani, Laura
Anastasia, Silvia
Ferri, Alessandro
Shehata, Gehad
Rosso, Nadia
Cicerone, Marco
Marczyk, Jacek
Lobban, Trudie
Ruppe, Georg
Censi, Federica
Cas, Roberto Da
Damiano, Cecilia
Marcozzi, Benedetta
Graffigna, Guendalina
Bosio, Caterina
Palamenghi, Lorenzo
Barello, Serena
Maggioni, Aldo Pietro
Lorimer, Andrea
Lucci, Donata
Kalra, Dipak
Lea, Nathan
Ainsworth, John
Stockton-Powdrell, Charlotte
Sanaullah, Alam
Marín Ortuño, Francisco
Tokmakova, Mariya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Aalborg University
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 1 April 2026
Change Date: 17 April 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The affiliation information of first author is updated. Also, second and third affiliation information are swapped
Declarations
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: DL has received investigator‐initiated quality improvement grants from Bristol‐Myers Squibb and Pfizer (paid to the Institution). She is a co-applicant on the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in AF (Grant Agreement No. 899871), ARISTOTELES project on artificial intelligence for management of chronic long-term conditions (Grant Agreement No. 101080189), and the TARGET project on digital twins for personalised management of atrial fibrillation and stroke (Grant Agreement No. 101136244), all of which are funded by the Horizon Europe Research & Innovation programme.All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees from the United Kingdom (REC 21/YH/0307), Italy (015534, ref. 5308/AO/22), Spain (2021-12-15-HCUVA), and Romania (2SNI/13.01.2022). According to the guidelines of the Danish Research Ethics Committee, ethical approval was not required for Denmark.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
